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At this period somebody calling themselves master (as opposed to being called so out of courtesy by someone of lower social rank) would be Master of something, though by the sixteenth century it was used simply as a prefix for the untitled (the precursor to "Mister": the specific use of "Master" derives from after "Mister" became the standard form, so probably not until the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century). Medieval people signing themselves "Magister" might be master craftsmen, Masters of Arts, etc - probably not the Master of Horse, as most of them were also knights or noblemen and would sign by theit principal title. I'm not sure about canons.

Ah yes, of course, lawyers - trust me to forget the obvious example. The professionalisation of law in Western Europe was a slow process over the course of the thirteenth century; I'm not sure when the term "Magister" for lawyers would have been introduced, but it probably entered discourse gradually.

English secular court business was mostly conducted in French until the beginning of the fifteenth century. Thereafter English became dominant, but set phrases in "law French" survived - and even as late as the seventeenth century one finds some records written in a sort of Franglais.